Exact comparison of three methods A(n,m) = sum((-1)^k * C(n,k)^2 * k^m) Each method: 5 timed runs; median is reported. The direct sum updates C(n,k) incrementally. n=100, m=10 Our recurrence: 0.000013 s Krawtchouk method: 0.000057 s Direct sum: 0.000030 s Exact results match: yes Direct / our recurrence: 2.31 times Krawtchouk / our recurrence: 4.47 times n=1000, m=20 Our recurrence: 0.000061 s Krawtchouk method: 0.006155 s Direct sum: 0.001214 s Exact results match: yes Direct / our recurrence: 19.95 times Krawtchouk / our recurrence: 101.16 times n=10000, m=20 Our recurrence: 0.001898 s Krawtchouk method: 0.376118 s Direct sum: 0.216951 s Exact results match: yes Direct / our recurrence: 114.33 times Krawtchouk / our recurrence: 198.21 times n=10000, m=50 Our recurrence: 0.002197 s Krawtchouk method: 2.335512 s Direct sum: 0.247151 s Exact results match: yes Direct / our recurrence: 112.48 times Krawtchouk / our recurrence: 1062.91 times Exhaustive check passed for 0 <= n <= 30 and 0 <= m <= 15.